A Midsummer Night’s Dream- A Shakespearean Comedy Essay

Desperate lovers, mischievous fairies, bad actors, and a flower which causes love upon first sight-these are just some of the components that add to the comedic flavour of Shakespeare’s work _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_. The main elements of a classic Shakespearean comedy are clearly portrayed in this play. An identity mix-up of Lysander and Demetrius, continuous references to music and dance to signify happy events and finally a happy ending all help to prove that _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ is indeed a comedy. The plot of a Shakespearean comedy often includes a mix up of identity. In _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ Puck mistakes Lysander for Demetrius and rubs the love potion on his eyes. As a result, Lysander stops loving Hermia and instead falls in love with Helena. When Puck and Oberon find Lysander wooing Helena, Puck realizes his mistake and admits to Oberon, â€Å"This is the woman, but not the man.† (3.2.42). Puck’s mistake helps to develop the plot as well as bring out several comedic situations throughout the play, such as the quarrel between Hermia and Helena. This mistaken identity helps to make this Shakespearean work a comedy. Although Shakespearean plays often have tragic endings, his comedies end on optimistic notes, which are often signified through several marriages. _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ ends with the grand marriages of Duke Theseus and the lovers Hermia and Lysander as well as Helena and Demetrius. Upon finding the lovers in the forest, Theseus decides to ignore Egeus’s will, â€Å"Egeus I will overbear your will† (4.1.177). and chooses to marry the lovers. He declares, â€Å"For in the temple, by and by, with us / These couples shall eternally be knit† (4.1.178-180). The lovers are elated and everyone at the court watches the mechanicals’ hilarious performance of â€Å"Pyramus and Thisbe† as a way to happily wait for their nuptial hour. This happy ending helps to keep the comedic air alive in the play. Throughout the play, several references are made to reveling through dance and song as a way to signify and bless happy events. This is shown when Titania asks Oberon to join her in blessing the marriage of Theseus and  Hippolyta. She asks, â€Å"If you will patiently dance in our round, / And see our moonlight revels, go with us.† (2.1.140-141). Through this quote, Titania refers to dance as a way to bring happiness to the marriage of the Royals. The dance and song throughout the play lighten the mood of the play, helping it become a comedy. The mistaken identities of Lysander and Demetrius, the reveling through dance and song, and the happy ending, which is symbolized through several marriages help prove that _A Midsummer Night’s Dream_ is indeed a comedy. The inclusions of these basic elements make a comical and entertaining play for all audiences to enjoy. WORKS CITED Gill Roma, ed. _A Midsummer Night’s Dream._ Great Clarendon Street, United Kingdom: Oxford University Press, 2005. A MIDSUMMER NIGHT’S DREAM: ESSAY PREPARED BY: RISHITA APSANI PREPARED FOR: MR.LANDRY DATE: 12/13/2007 Rishita Apsani English

Free Market vs Planned Economy

A market economy is an economic system where the factors of production, are privately owned, consumers and producers are motivated by self interest, the level of competition in the markets is very high and resources are allocated through the price mechanism. The definition is supported by Lipsey (1992) who also state that decisions about resources allocation are made without any central direction but instead as a result of innumerable independent decision taken by individual producers & consumers hence in the market economy the individuals or market makes the ultimate decision in allocation of resources. Whereas the planned economy is one in which the coordination of economic activity so essential to the viability and functioning of a complex social economy is undertaken through administrative means commands, directives, targets and regulations rather than by market mechanism. The dictionary. com defined this economic system as a socialist economic system in which production and distribution of goods and services are controlled by the government and industry is mostly publicly owned. Provision of public goods These are goods that are non rivalry in consumption and non excludability as alluded by Stanlake (2000) He also added the examples of public goods which includes national defences, the police service, flood control schemes, street lighting, pavements and public drainage hence they often have large external benefits relative to private benefits. In a market economy, production of public goods will not be provided or is limited because producers cannot withhold the goods for non –payment since there is no way of measuring how much a person consumes, there is no basis for establishing a market price. However in a planned economy there is provision of such goods because the government makes all decisions on what is produced. Hall (2010) mentioned that public goods cannot be provided privately because of their non diminishability and non –excludability that is consumers take a free ride since no one can be excluded from consuming them so it is almost impossible for a private firm to get anyone to pay for a public good. In a planned economy the state can finance the provision of public goods like defence and police service, by means of taxation and sometimes borrowing, local authorities provide street lighting and flood control can be provided by giving contracts to private sector firms. Production and consumption of merit and demerit goods According to Lipsey (1992), merit goods are those goods that the government compels or encourages people to consume, mainly because individuals are said to be unaware of the true benefits from consuming them. He also added that demerits goods are those goods which the state forbids people to consume mainly because individual are said to be unaware of the true harm they would suffer by consuming them. The best known examples of merit goods are health, education systems, insurance, inoculation and seat belts. The provision of merit goods in a free market economy tent to be under provided because spending on merit goods by the consumer would be determined by the private benefits derived from them. Like in United State of America where the free market is practised, the public health system compromised, people are advised to buy health insurance. The poor might not be able to afford this and some people might simply decide not to bother if they feel particularly health. In cases of seat belts consumers may fail to recognise their true private benefits hence less demand and less supply in a free economy. The demerit goods include cigarettes, alcohol and illegal drugs. These are over consumed in a market system because consumers may be unaware of the true cost of consuming them which includes negative externalities. As highlighted by Hall (2010) a planned economy there is an increase in the production and consumption of merit goods because the government considers them to be highly desirable for the welfare of the citizens. In this economic system the government has central authority to make decisions on the commodities to be produced hence emphasis will be placed on the production of merit goods and consumption of demerits will be reduced. The state can increase the production of merit goods by providing free state education and national health services. Contracts for services like refuse collection can be given to private sector firms. The government can also encourage the consumption of merit goods by providing information about the benefits of inoculation and passing legislation requiring vehicles to take and pass the vehicle inspection tests. In the command economy production and consumption of demerit goods is reduced with the purpose of reducing health problems for the economy. The government achieve this by taxing cigarettes and alcohol heavily and ban all dangerous drugs to prevent consumption. As well as roviding information about their harmful effects to the consumers. Consumer sovereignty Lipsey (1992:84) state that â€Å"market allocation are sometimes said to demonstrate consumer sovereignty that is to imply that the consumer is king and decides what shall be produced† This was supported by Stanlake (2000)who stipulates that the freedom of consumer choice is usually held to be the most important in the free econom y. It can be deduced that the consumer has the control, only the products that the consumer wants are produced. The more competitive the market structure, the more power the consumer will have. There is a higher level of consumer sovereignty in market economy than in planned economies. The government estimates the type of products it considers the individuals to want whilst in market economies producers are motivate by profit thus they have the incentives to respond quickly to change in consumer preferences. In a free market economy consumers benefit from lower cost goods and better services because business are forced to compete whilst in a planned economy there is no competition since the government is the only supplier. Equity in income distribution Equity is regarded as fairness. The market economy provides opportunities for people to earn income and acquire wealth but the opportunities for earning an income are no equally distribute. People do not have equal opportunities in education. Some are also limited in their capacity to learn or they may have acquired a skill only to find the demand for that skill is declining. If one starts a life with very little, and do not even get a good education, and then there will be very little protection from destitution. This discrimination in the free market economies distorts earnings and can result in people from minority groups and disabled earning less for the same work as able bodied. The market system does not guarantee that everyone will have the same opportunity to accumulate wealth and hence an inequality. It is argued that the planned economy can lead to more equal distribution of income and wealthy since the production factors are controlled by the state. A command economy mighty not have the efficiency and enterprise for the successful of many people but at least the government will try to make sure that nobody falls through the safety net. REFERENCES LIST Beardshaw,J. et. al (1998) Economics a student`s guide,5th Edition, Prentice Hall. Dictionary.com unabridged. Available at http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/market economy (accessed 3July 2013) Hall, R. and Lebierman,M.(2010)Microeconomic principle and application,5th Edition,Cengage learning Lipsey, R. and Harbury, C.(1992)Principals of economics,2nd Edition, Oxford: Oxford university press. Lipsey, R. and Chrystal, A.(1995)An introduction to positive economics ,8TH edition, London: Oxford university press. Stanlake, G. and Grant, S.(2000)Introductory economics, 7th Edition,London:Longman.

Target Corporation Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Target Corporation - Case Study Example After SWOT analysis the report contains analysis of macro environment of the company which includes details about its economy, culture, politics and technology. The overall report is followed by a conclusion stating what has been mentioned and discussed in the report. Introduction Target Corporation, an American retailing company with its headquarters in Minneapolis, Minnesota is among the second largest discount providing retailer after Wal-Mart in United States. It was founded in the year 1902 and characterized as the Dayton Dry Goods Company and also one of the first Target stores which have been opened near Roseville, Minnesota in 1962. It operates 1556 stores in 47 states. Target stores, Mervyn’s and Marshall Field’s were the three main retail divisions of Target which was formerly known as Dayton Hudson Corporation. It offered fashion conscious upscale products at affordable price thus distinguishing itself from competitors. Hudson’s and Marshall’s w ere department stores offering sophisticated costly products to the mooned customers while Target and Mervyn’s offering apparel and recreational items to the budget conscious customers. Target received America’s Corporate Conscience Award in 1989 and contributed over $2 million to the communities where the stores were located (ABOUT, 2012). Target continued to be the biggest money maker of Dayton Hudson’s Corporation in 21st century with a successful business mix of trendy merchandise and easy to navigate quality stores. Fifty expanded Target Great land stores were open in 1990 which was combined by general merchandise mix with grocery store. The Target Guest Card which is the first store credit card was introduced in 1995 which attracted around nine million accounts by 1998. With the growth of Target and being the largest division of Dayton Hudson Corporation the company was then renamed in August 2000 as Target Corporation. In 2002 Target generated 84 percent of fiscal revenue from 1225 stores located in 47 states. In 2010 it was ranked at number 33 in Fortune 500 companies. It is also a component of Standard & Poor’s 500 index. Target Corporation expanded business in Canada in January 2011. By 2013 it plans to operate 100 to 150 stores in Canada (ABOUT, 2012). The mission of Target Corporation is to provide outstanding value, exceptional guest experience through continuous innovation while fulfilling Except More, Pay Less promise and become the preferred shopping destination for guests. Positioning of Target Corporation was based on quality, style, trend and not just pricing. Today Target operates more than 1600 outlets in 47 States which includes grocery shopping, photo processing centers, pharmacies, food avenues, in-store bakery, deli, and meat and production section. Target Corporation used attractive promotional strategies for advertisement and became the second largest discount retailer in United States by 2002. Main compet itors of Target were Wal-Mart and K-Mart. When K-Mart declared bankruptcy the only competitor for Target remains Wal-Mart is one of the retailers which leads the market and industry in terms of sales and size. Target Corporation’s key element of success was its ability of communicating effectively the unique position of company through

Critical thinking Assignment # 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical thinking Assignment # 1 - Essay Example According to me justice needs to aim at preventing the crime by deterring criminals and upholding the rule of law, while assuring public order and ascertaining that the actual offenders get commensurately punished in consonance with the gravity of their crime in a way and manner that brings closing to the extended family of the offended, and expressing appropriate public and state denunciation for the committed crime, thereby bolstering the public confidence and establishing law and order in the society. As per my personal opinion, the purpose and objective of justice is not merely to assuage the ethical requisites like fairness and protection, but also to instill a sense of peace, confidence and certainty in the larger society in which a crime is committed. Each criminal case does define as to how justice presents itself to the larger society. In the light of this personal and larger definition of justice, justice is not being met in case of the twin brothers’ case being discussed here. The system is not extending a just and valid treatment to both the twin brothers here. Though it may not be true, yet it is quite possible that at least one of the twin brothers and one’s friends and relatives are taking advantage of the likeness in the looks of the two brothers to hoodwink and bypass the criminal justice system. The way criminal justice system is going soft on the perceived offender, going by the fact that he has an identical twin who looks and dresses up like him and was also present at the scene of crime is sending a message to the society that the criminals who do have a look alike could confuse and dither the criminal justice system. A more just approach in this case will be to take both the brothers within the loop of this murder case, because if one of them committed the actual murder, the other one is surely playing an active role in confusing the

Leadership and Ethics in Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Leadership and Ethics in Business - Essay Example For example, Coca Cola forced to stop its operations in the southernmost state of India; Kerala because of strong public protests against underwater exploitation by Coke. In 1999, the Hindustan Coca-Cola Beverages Private Limited, a subsidiary of the Atlanta based Coca-Cola company, established a plant in Plachimada, in the Palakkad district of Kerala, southern India. The Perumatty Village Council gave a licence to the company to commence production in 2000. Coca Cola drew around 510,000 litres of water each day from boreholes and open wells. For every 3.75 litres of water used by the plant, it produced one litre of product and a large amount of waste water. In April 2003, the Perumatty Grama Panchayat (Village Council) refused renewal of Coca-Cola’s licence to operate on the grounds that it was not in the public interest to renew the licence stating: â€Å"†¦the excessive exploitation of ground water by the Coca-Cola Company in Plachimada is causing acute drinking water scarcity in Perumatty Panchayat and nearby places†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Case against Coca-Cola Kerala State: India, n.d.) . Coke forced to stop its operations in Kerala because of the agitations by the public against underwater exploitation. It should be noted that Kerala public is the most educated people in India. They know the consequences of unsustainable business practices. CEO’s who are reluctant in implementing sustainable business practices should learn from the coke’s experience in Kerala. Even uneducated people are aware of their rights nowadays. Another example from India shows the awareness of uneducated people with respect to unsustainable development. â€Å"Villagers around the Kudankulam nuclear plant in Tamil Nadu are intensifying their...In other words, business ethics is not a term which contains contradictory terms. The ethics followed in the business of one part of the world is applicable in other parts of the world as well. In fact business and ethics s hould go in parallel directions so that sustainable development becomes possible. Since all the decision making are done by the managers, they have the responsibility of taking ethical decisions. Managers should realize that â€Å"The economics should not be paramount to ethics in business; if anything, ethics should be paramount to economics† (Elm & Radin, 2012, p.314). Most of the newly appointed managers do not recognize the needs of ethics in business. One of the traditional beliefs about business is that profit making is the only objective of business. Managers should realize that such traditional beliefs and thoughts have no relevance in the modern business world. According to the modern business principles, ethics and sustainable business practices are the much needed qualities for a business to enjoy success in the current heavily competitive and globalized business world. Modern customers are more interested in rating the company’s image in terms of sustainable business practices before taking any purchasing decisions. Organizations with bad reputation in keeping ethical business habits may struggle to survive in the market. The Enron example is relevan t here.

Plan 9 from outer space(1959) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Plan 9 from outer space(1959) - Essay Example s a powerful seer, whose predictions are beastly and terrible about reading his cue cards, he amazes viewers with his strange and incomprehensible predictions and monologues. Bela Lugosi died of a heart attack just a few days into the films shooting, but still appears in various scenes having assumed different shapes and forms. Gregory Walcott can be described as a pilot, hero, and Paulas husband, who courageously battles aliens and survives between his duties as a pilot. He is one person who never takes any lip from an alien, and will always punch first and later asks questions. Mona McKinnon, Gregory’s wife, is always quick to serve coffee and fast on her feet. Moreover, she possesses a brevity character. As she races through the cemetery land, Paula never surrenders the fight against the living people. Duke Moore is perfect when it comes to handling a firearm. However, he is also an intelligent investigator, as he helps uncover whoever is responsible for Inspector Clay†™s death. Maila Nurmi took her role in this film after her television series was cancelled, but on one condition: she would not be required to speak as the mission was already accomplished. Dudley Manlove, a solarbonite expert, will be more than happy to explain to the viewers how it works (The Monster Shack). Tor Johnson, who is described as super Swedish angel, rises from the dead, having a minor challenge in climbing out of his grave. Many people remember and also describe him as a gentle giant with a golden heart despite his intimidating appearance. Joanne Lee is also in the quest to conquering the Earth, while being beneficial for only advancing her race. Tom Keene is the head of "Saucer Field Activity"; Tom takes the fight against the aliens after they have destroyed a small town. John Breckinridge plays the role of the leader, which he does with a lot of vigor and skill (Angry Candy). An old man (Bela Lugosi), a resident of California, mourns the death of his wife (Vampire) and,

Sickness and healing - An Anthropological Perspective Essay

Sickness and healing - An Anthropological Perspective - Essay Example Disease accounts; whereby the biomedicine’s recognizes the body as the cause and remedy of sickness and lastly, disorder accounts; whereby the imbalances are the main source of illness and means to cure. He refuses the concept of culture-bound syndrome because he believes that it is based on anthropological and psychiatric notions and; therefore, it is culturally biased. The cultural difference in health and illness presents and makes people understand the symptoms of the disease. He goes ahead to explain that the individual and social experiences of illness are termed as a complex process, and; hence, the physiological expression of these diseases are becoming the main concern among medical anthropologists and something needs to be done. Hahn also gives an example of sociocultural influences on low-birth-weight between black and white infants. He says anthropology and epidemiology are can make a conclusion on this social-medical problem. This evidence can illustrate how the t wo disciplines can make individuals understand the complexity of a disturbing problem. It serves as a powerful means that shows individuals the benefits of looking at sickness and heals from both sociocultural and biomedical perspectives3. There are different ways in which individuals respond to sickness from one society to another. Hahn concludes that anthropology is exclusively found on investigations of subjective States and expresses that sociocultural phenomena should be included in the medical epistemology and should be practiced4.